Open source: anyone can use, study and modify it, including businesses. Free: no cost, but the code is closed. Freemium: a lasting free plan with paid tiers for extra features. Source available: code is public but the license adds conditions.
FAQ
What is the best free alternative to Mailchimp?
The most popular picks are listmonk, Mautic and Brevo. For sending large newsletters cheaply: listmonk with SMTP or Amazon SES. No installation: Brevo on its free plan.